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“Main Nay Kaha” is a satirical poem by the famous leftist poet Habib Jalib called “Musheer” (Advisor). Jalib wrote it in response to a conversation he had with Hafiz Jalandari during the time of Ayub Khan’s dictatorship.
The music video contains real images of events in Karachi, London, and Lahore during the tumultuous period between December [...]

1947: Pakistan is founded after partition from India. Muhammad Ali Jinnah becomes the country’s first governor-general and Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan its first prime minister.
1977: General election is followed by rioting as Bhutto’s Pakistan People’s party is accused of vote rigging. General Zia ul-Haq becomes president and martial law declared.
1978: Zia becomes Pakistan’s sixth president.
1979: [...]

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan emerged as an independent state on 14 August 1947. It has its roots into the remote past. Its establishment was the culmination of the long struggle by Muslims of the South-Asian subcontinent for a separate homeland of their own. Its foundation was laid when Mohammad bin Qasim subdued Sindh [...]

The uprising of 1857, termed as the Indian Mutiny by the British and the War of Independence by the Muslims, was a desperate attempt to reverse the adverse course of events. The failure of the 1857 War of Independence had disastrous consequences for the Muslims as the British placed all the responsibility for this event [...]

Pakistan’s ideology is based on the Two-Nation Theory, and as the Quaid-e-Azam summed it, “..we have our distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all canons of International Law we are a nation.” 
The ideology of Pakistan stems from the instinct of the Muslim community of South Asia to maintain their individuality by resisting all [...]

Sir Syed Ahmad declared, “those who live after me, would see that these two nations, Muslims and Hindus, would not live together.”
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, an educational, political and religious reformer was the major formulator of the concept of the “Two-Nation Theory” among Muslims of India in the latter half of the 19th century. As [...]

 The Urdu-Hindi Controversy arose when Hindus demanded implementation of the Devanagari script in government offices, law courts and schools. Muslims coming to India, spoke their own language and also learned the language spoken by the natives. Out of this intermingling of languages, there arose a lingua franca, which came to be spoken by both Muslims [...]

The Simla Deputation occupies a very important place in the history of modern Muslim India. For the first time, Hindu-Muslim conflict was lifted to the constitutional plane. The rift in society was now to be translated into legal and political institutions. The Muslims had made it clear that they had no confidence in the Hindu [...]

Up to the end of nineteenth century, the Muslims had stayed away from organized polities. However, Hindu agitation against the partition of Bengal, and Hindu religious revivalism and hostility to the Muslims injected into the Congress by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a fundamentalist Hindu leader changed the situation. By 1906, Muslim leaders were convinced that they [...]

Officially known as the Government of India Act, 1909, the Minto-Morley Reforms take their name after their official sponsor, Minto, then Governor-General and John Morley (1838-1923), Secretary of State for India. When Lord Minto came as viceroy to India, the whole country was in a state of political unrest. In collaboration with Lord Morley, secretary [...]

The impact of would war I created a minor revolution in India’s political and constitutional position. Unlike world war II, India remained loyal to the British Government during the war. No large scale effort was mode to embarrass Britain in her hour of travail or to exploit her weakness in order to gain political concessions. [...]

In 1913, the Muslim League adopted the principle of self-rule. This brought Congress and Muslim League closer to each other. The leaders of both parties decided that they should cooperate with each other to bring the government around to accept their demands. Therefore in 1916 Muslim League and Congress held sessions in Lucknow. The Muslim [...]

The reforms introduced by the act of 1909 failed to satisfy the people of India because they did not give enough power to the Indians. The parliamentary form of government was introduced, but the executive was not made responsible to the legislature. The Muslims were at first friendly to the government because they had been [...]

After the end of the First World War, the victorious allied countries planned to demolish the Ottoman Caliphate of Turkey because Turkey had chosen to fight on the side of Germany against the allied powers. The Indian Muslims, because of their sentimental attachment to the caliph, had always held the institution of the caliphate in [...]